運動(dong)想象（Motor Imagery, MI）范式朝(chao)向更精(jing)細發展。運動(dong)想象 是(shi)一種非(fei)常重要的(de)(de)主動(dong)式腦(nao)(nao)機接口范式，用于(yu)識別大腦(nao)(nao)對(dui)四肢(zhi)和(he)舌頭 的(de)(de)運動(dong)意圖。其無需(xu)外(wai)界條(tiao)件刺激和(he)明顯的(de)(de)動(dong)作(zuo)輸出就能誘(you)發大腦(nao)(nao)感 覺運動(dong)皮層(ceng)的(de)(de)特定(ding)響應(ying)。現已廣泛應(ying)用于(yu)基(ji)于(yu)腦(nao)(nao)機接口的(de)(de)假肢(zhi)、機械 臂和(he)輪椅等設(she)備控制、字符(fu)拼(pin)寫及臨床(chuang)中風康(kang)復(fu)治療等場景

基(ji)于運動(dong)(dong)想象(xiang)范(fan)式(shi)的腦(nao)機接口(kou)已(yi)經(jing)發(fa)展多年，經(jing)過(guo)數十年的研究， 大肢(zhi)體(ti)部位的 MI 控制已(yi)經(jing)基(ji)本發(fa)展成熟，而對更細微運動(dong)(dong)做(zuo)出想象(xiang)并有效識(shi)別(bie)（例如不同手指的伸縮(suo)、握拳、不同手勢的運動(dong)(dong)想象(xiang)等） 是運動(dong)(dong)想象(xiang)范(fan)式(shi)編碼的發(fa)展方向(xiang)。

運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)皮層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)位范式(shi)(shi)朝向多(duo)肢(zhi)體(ti)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)意圖(tu)解碼和連續(xu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)解 碼發展。運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)皮層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)位（Movement-related cortical potential, MRCP） 是一種可以(yi)從(cong)低頻頭皮腦電(dian)(dian)中(zhong)捕捉到的與運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)規劃、執行相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)的神經 活動(dong)(dong)(dong)信號。MRCP 主(zhu)要由(you)(you)三部(bu)分組成，即與運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)準(zhun)備(bei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)的準(zhun)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)位 （Readiness potential, RP）、與運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發生、起(qi)始相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)的運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)位（Motor potential, MP）以(yi)及(ji)與運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)執行、運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)性能相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)的運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)監測電(dian)(dian)位 （Movement-monitoring potential，MMP）。相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)較于 SSVEP 和 P300 等(deng) 被(bei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)腦機(ji)接口范式(shi)(shi)，MRCP 和運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)想(xiang)象(xiang)是不(bu)依(yi)賴(lai)于外部(bu)刺激的、由(you)(you) 人體(ti)真實運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)意圖(tu)誘發的主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)腦機(ji)接口范式(shi)(shi)。而相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)較于運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)想(xiang)象(xiang)， MRCP 不(bu)依(yi)賴(lai)于重(zhong)復的運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)想(xiang)象(xiang)。

因此，MRCP 具有自然、真實、可 以反映人的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)意圖(tu)等優點。典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de) MRCP 范式包括點到(dao)點的(de)(de)(de)(de) 上(shang)肢(zhi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)（如 center-out）、連續(xu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)追(zhui)蹤式的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)肢(zhi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)（如 PTT）、指 定動(dong)(dong)作類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)肢(zhi)或下肢(zhi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)（如手腕內旋/外(wai)(wai)旋）等。由于 MRCP 具 有可反映運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)意圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性，其對發展與(yu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)康復(fu)、運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)功能診斷、日 常生(sheng)活(huo)輔助等相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)腦機接口(kou)具有重要(yao)價值。目(mu)前，MRCP 主(zhu)要(yao) 發展趨勢包括從單肢(zhi)體到(dao)多肢(zhi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)意圖(tu)解(jie)(jie)碼、從離散(san)分類(lei)問(wen)題到(dao) 連續(xu)回歸問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)連續(xu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)參數解(jie)(jie)析、與(yu)神(shen)經假肢(zhi)、外(wai)(wai)骨骼、機械臂等 外(wai)(wai)設結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)人體運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)增強和康復(fu)治療等。