運動(dong)想象（Motor Imagery, MI）范式(shi)朝向更精細發(fa)展。運動(dong)想象 是一種非常重要的(de)主動(dong)式(shi)腦機(ji)接口范式(shi)，用于識別大(da)(da)腦對四肢和(he)(he)舌頭 的(de)運動(dong)意圖。其無需外界條件刺激(ji)和(he)(he)明顯的(de)動(dong)作輸出就能(neng)誘發(fa)大(da)(da)腦感 覺運動(dong)皮層的(de)特定響應(ying)。現已廣泛(fan)應(ying)用于基(ji)于腦機(ji)接口的(de)假肢、機(ji)械 臂和(he)(he)輪椅等設(she)備(bei)控制、字符拼(pin)寫及臨床(chuang)中風康復治療等場(chang)景

基于運(yun)動想(xiang)象(xiang)范(fan)式的(de)腦機(ji)接(jie)口已經發(fa)展(zhan)多年(nian)，經過(guo)數十年(nian)的(de)研究， 大(da)肢體部位的(de) MI 控制已經基本發(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)熟，而對更細微(wei)運(yun)動做出想(xiang)象(xiang)并有效(xiao)識(shi)別(bie)（例如(ru)不同手指(zhi)的(de)伸縮、握拳、不同手勢(shi)的(de)運(yun)動想(xiang)象(xiang)等） 是運(yun)動想(xiang)象(xiang)范(fan)式編碼的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方向(xiang)。

運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)皮(pi)層(ceng)電位(wei)(wei)(wei)范式朝向多肢(zhi)體(ti)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)意圖(tu)解(jie)碼和連續運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)解(jie) 碼發(fa)展。運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)皮(pi)層(ceng)電位(wei)(wei)(wei)（Movement-related cortical potential, MRCP） 是一種可以(yi)(yi)從(cong)低頻頭皮(pi)腦(nao)電中(zhong)捕捉(zhuo)到的與運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)規劃、執(zhi)行相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的神經 活動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)信號。MRCP 主要由三部分組成，即(ji)與運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)準(zhun)備(bei)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的準(zhun)備(bei)電位(wei)(wei)(wei) （Readiness potential, RP）、與運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)生(sheng)、起始相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電位(wei)(wei)(wei)（Motor potential, MP）以(yi)(yi)及(ji)與運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)執(zhi)行、運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)性能相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)的運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)監測電位(wei)(wei)(wei) （Movement-monitoring potential，MMP）。相(xiang)(xiang)較(jiao)于 SSVEP 和 P300 等 被動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式腦(nao)機接口(kou)范式，MRCP 和運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)想象是不依賴(lai)于外部刺激(ji)的、由 人體(ti)真實運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)意圖(tu)誘發(fa)的主動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式腦(nao)機接口(kou)范式。而相(xiang)(xiang)較(jiao)于運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)想象， MRCP 不依賴(lai)于重復的運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)想象。

因此，MRCP 具有自然、真實、可(ke) 以(yi)反(fan)映(ying)人的實際運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)等優(you)點。典型的 MRCP 范式(shi)包括(kuo)點到(dao)點的 上(shang)肢(zhi)(zhi)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)（如 center-out）、連續(xu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)追蹤式(shi)的上(shang)肢(zhi)(zhi)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)（如 PTT）、指 定動(dong)(dong)作類型的上(shang)肢(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)下肢(zhi)(zhi)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)（如手(shou)腕內旋/外(wai)旋）等。由于 MRCP 具 有可(ke)反(fan)映(ying)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)的特(te)性，其對發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)與運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)康復(fu)、運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)功(gong)能診斷、日(ri) 常生活輔(fu)助等相關的運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)腦機接口具有重要價值。目前(qian)，MRCP 主要 發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)趨勢包括(kuo)從(cong)單肢(zhi)(zhi)體到(dao)多(duo)肢(zhi)(zhi)體的運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)意(yi)圖(tu)(tu)解碼、從(cong)離散分類問(wen)題到(dao) 連續(xu)回(hui)歸問(wen)題的連續(xu)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)參數解析、與神經假肢(zhi)(zhi)、外(wai)骨骼、機械臂(bei)等 外(wai)設結合的人體運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)增強和康復(fu)治療等。